NOTE OF BUILDING MATERIAL

Building components and materials

v Building component and type of structure

Natural work for manufacture of building bye national building code(NBC) OF INDIA (part III-1983)

1.     Building components:-

The basic component of building are as follows

Ø Substructure:- it is the part of a building which is stay below the ground level

Foundation, plinth

Ø Superstructure:-it is the part of a building which stay above the ground level.

Plinth, wall and column, doors window ventilator,  lintel chajja, floor roof beam parapet, step stair lift, finishing work, building service

v Foundation:- the foundation is talwar most load bearing part of a building. The services of the foundation are as follows:-

ü It distributes the lot differently and safe from the the structure  to the soil

ü It anchor the building firmly to the ground so that the building does not move under any lateral load

ü To prevent overturning of the building due to lateral force

ü It prevents a level surface for construction of superstructure

v Plinth:- the portion of the building between ground level and the ground floor level is called plinth. It usually of stone masonry. A damp proof course is provided at the top of the plinth. It is usually a 75 mm thick plain concrete course. The function of the plinth is to keep ground floor above ground level so that the floor free from dampness. Its height which is not less than 450 mm,

v Wall and column:-wall and column are component of a building that transferred the load vertically downward. The lot from the roof and the floor a transformer to the foundation apart main function of wall and column are given below

ü The divide the building area into different component and provide privacy

ü The profile safe form Burglars and insects.

ü It keeps building worm in winter and cool in summer

v Lintel and chajja:- lintel RCC or stone been provided over door and window opening for transferring load transversely. The white of the lintel is equal to the world why the thickness depend on the width of the opening

A chajja is the position given outside of the world to protect door and window from rain and sunlight. Generally the charger is made of RCC, but follow of cost we can provide stones. The chajja projection various form 600 mm to 800 mm

v Doors Windows and ventilation:- the function of a door is to give access to different room in the building. The number of door should be minimum possible.

window are provided in the exterior of the world to provide sun light and ventilation in the building. They are located at the height of 0.7 to 0.9 m from the floor level. The window are should b 15 to 20% of the floor area

Ventilator are provided at the very close to the roof it is provided for cooling the room

v Roof beam parapet:- roof is the top most portion of a building. It used to cover a building. It give the thermal protection

Beam are given in the structure to take the load of the roof

Para pit are provided in the upper portion of the roof. The main work of parapets is to protect form any accident. And it gives the stability of the roof.

v Stair and lift:-stair and lift are provided in the building for vertical communication.

2.   Type of structure:-

Ø Load bearing structure:-the load of the roof and the floor at transfer to the foundation by the wall is known as load bearing structure

Ø Farmed structure:-if the load of the roof and the floor are transferred to the foundation by column and footing this structure is known as framed structure

Ø Composite structure:-if the load of the roof and floor 8 transferred to the foundation by column footing and wall is known as composite structure

3.   Write down the difference between load bearing structure and farmed structure:-

Load bearing structure:-	Farmed structure
1.    Load from roof and floor is transferred to the foundation by wall 2.    World youth foundation throughout there run 3.    Thickness of load bearing wall should be at least 200 mm 4.    Too many opening for door window and ventilator are not permissible	1.    Lot of roof wall at transfer by column and footing 2.    Footing are required for column only wall may be built on form of floor 3.    Only exterior wall 200 mm thick and other maybe 100 mm thick 4.    There is no restriction of opening